Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 place. The accessibility of these methods along with the central doctrine of molecular biology, i.e., DNA is transcripted into RNA, which in turn i...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 others. (d) Copyright Copyright is a right given by the law to the creator of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic work and the producers of ci...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 or injunctions. India’s legal framework is also aligned with international standards under TRIPS, although trade secret protection in India is more...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 Research (CSIR) challenged the patent, presenting documented evidence from ancient texts and publications that turmeric’s wound-healing properties ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 is an individual who undertakes an activity foreseeing business opportunity. They organise resources needed for starting the enterprise and also be...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 biotech enterprise, these are—Need assessment, Identification of founders and key personnel, Getting a legal expert, Incorporate the company as a L...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 funds for a new venture? 6. Elaborate the significance of a Biotechnology Entrepreneur. 7. Identify the similarities and differences between Genera...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 13 is properly managed. (b)  A business plan is usually not required when obtaining finance for a startup. (c)  If a business plan is completed for ...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 (i) 4-Chloro-3-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-butan-1-ol (ii) 2, 5-Dimethylhexane-1,3-diol (iii) 3-Bromocyclohexanol (iv) Hex-1-en-3-ol (v) 2-Bromo-3-meth...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 Chapter 2 Host–Vector System Recombinant DNA technology is a two component system 2.1 Two Key involving a compatible host and a vector. A variety o...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 and should not consider the recombinant Recombinant DNA as a foreign DNA and degrade it. DNA multiplied The host must supply all the required enzym...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 tetracycline (tet ) and ampicillin (amp )]. A variety of both prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic vectors are given in (Fig. 2.2). Two component syst...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 copies of these plasmids per cell (10–30 copies) [Fig. 2.3(a)]. Chromosomal DNA Plasmid DNA replication, cell division and random segregation of DN...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 In nature, bacteria obtain foreign DNA molecules from its surroundings in three different ways, which are: (i) transformation, (ii) transduction an...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 reduced to 4,361 bp by deleting most of unique cloning sites for restriction enzymes (PstI, EcoRI, BamHI, SalI, the non-essential sequences of pBR3...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 two most common phages, whose genome has been frequently used to make cloning vectors for E. coli host. They are described in the following section...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 stranded DNA containing 48,490 base pairs. Each end has a 12 bases singlestrandedsegmentknownascossequences(cohesive ends). The two cohesive ends a...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 DNA (rDNA) lies between 38 to 52 kbp for its efficient packing into the λ head . Typical vectors coming out of lambda genome fall into two broad cl...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 (a) Bacteriophage M13 (b) Fig. 2.9: M13 bacteriophage (a) single stranded genome (b) M13 genome indicating different genes I to X a tube-like struc...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 Cosmid vector cos site contributed by plasmid DNA, combined ampR with a l DNA segment that includes the joined cohesive ends (cos sites) (Fig. 2.11...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 system, the most common is the baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although yeast can reproduce sexually, the cells usually multiply asexually...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 (URA3) sequence maker for sequence Selectable marker bacteria for yeast Fig. 2.13: Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) Host-Vector System 21 Reprint ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 between a promoter towards the 5' end (upstream) and a terminator at the 3' end (downstream) of the cloned gene in an expression vector. This porti...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 cells are reintroduced into the patient. This is also known as cellbased delivery. Ex vivo approach is much simpler as compared to in vivo approach...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 2 replication in a compatible host that provides various replication functions. • The cloning vector should be small in size and have an origin of re...