Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 which involves efficient separation and purification technique. Thus, the product of bioprocess may be cell biomass, extracellular component of liq...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 1 engineering. rDNA technology has been possible due to rapid progress in various fields of biology, which spans from Reprint 2025-26 biochemistry, g...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 1 the double stranded DNA to produce single stranded ends with identical termini using restriction enzymes. Both visualised the potential of combinin...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 1 advantages over animal-based products in terms of costs and contamination. In general, animalbased products are costlier and require extra care to ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 1 in 1996, followed by its introduction in India in 2003 2000 Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer developed ‘Golden Rice’ 2003 The Human Genome Project (HG...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 Chapter Bioprocessing and 10 Biomanufacturing Students are already aware that living organisms especially 10.1 Historical microbes and biological p...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 systems was well understood. Now, the challenge before the scientific/ research community was to enhance the production of penicillin. Production i...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 was identified as a common mould, the Penicillium notatum, and the metabolite secreted has powerful antibacterial properties called penicillin. Its...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 fulfil these requirements a typical bioreactor consists of the following: • Agitator shaft: It helps in mixing contents of the bioreactor and keeps...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 tank reactors are the most conventional bioreactors. In these reactors, agitator facilitates the Bioprocessingand Biomanufacturing Reprint 2025-26 ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 steps as detailed below: 1. extraction, recovery and purification of product 2. the disposal of effluents produced by the process Bioprocessingand ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 growth and technologically viable and 238 BiotechnologyXII Reprint 2025-26 Fig. 10.4: Bioprocess Development economically efficient production. Ino...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 or different for culture growth and product formation. Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) is another parameter that affects growth and product formati...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 [X] [X] [S] [Q ] S [X] [S] [Q ] [QS S [S] Time Time Time (aBatch mode (bFed-batch mode (c)Continuous culture mode S = Substrate conc, X = Microbial...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 in centrifuge and ultracentrifuge. Cell disruption: if the product is intracellular, it may be recovered by cell rupture. Cell rupture techniques m...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 been removed is called raffinate. Purification: Purification techniques include precipitation, chromatography, electrophoresis, membrane separation...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 [Fig. 10.7(c)]. p p p Reverse Osmosis Osmotic Pressure Pure Saline Pure Saline Pure Saline water water water water water (a) water (b) (c) Fig. 10....
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 processes, a variety of alcoholic drinks are obtained. Wine and beer are produced without distillation, whereas whisky, brandy and rum are produced...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 was used for the production of acetic acid; Clostridium butylicum for the production of butyric acid and Lactobacillus sp. for the production of la...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 fermentation using the ascomycetes. High-yielding strains of Ashbya gossypii is preferred due to its high producing capability of riboflavin. Vacci...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 is followed for the production of human insulin; a glycerol batch and a continuous methanol fed-batch. This way in industrial applications, a biopr...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 10 various techniques, such as reverse osmosis, distillation, drying, etc. • Many desired products of animals, plants and microbial origin have been c...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 UNIT IV Bioremediation Chapter 11: Bioremediation Reprint 2025-26 Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (4 April 1938 – 10 July 2020 ) Ananda M. Chakrabarty is ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 and poses threat to the ecosystem and its flora and 11.4 Bioremediation of fauna including human beings. It is very much desirable Pesticides thats...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 11 Concentration (mg/L) before treatment after treatment Suspended Solids (SS) 100–750 Upto 35 Total Nitrogen 20–80 Upto 15 Total Phosphorus 05–20 Upt...