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Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 cotton plant. Bt gene encodes a toxin (Bt toxin), which is naturally produced by B. thuringiensis as an insecticidal protein to kill insects. There...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 of corn Alpha-amylase expression Increased lysine level for use in animal feed Reduction of yield-loss under water-limited conditions Tolerance to ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 gene is inhibited by inactivating its mRNA through RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). A double stranded RNA of exogenous (viral origin) or endog...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 of relatively new bioscience ‘Molecular Farming’. It involves the genetic modification of the host plant through purposeful addition of a gene or g...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 less toxic forms. Mercury is a hazardous heavy metal, largely found in the aquatic ecosystems. Transgenic plants have been designed to incorporate ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 testing of vaccines, drugs and chemicals before they can be used on humans. 4.2.4 Concern over GMOs The major concern over GMOs is the potential ri...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 is a technique designed to repair faulty genes in humans by introducing correct genetic material inside the cells. The obvious candidate diseases f...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 is p53 gene that normally prevents Fig. 4.7: Cross section of air passage (a) normal and tumor growth. Several types of cancers (b) in cystic fibro...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 with a normal gene using homologous recombination. Attempts to correct the function of a defective gene as described above could become possible on...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 germ line cells often forms a subject for heated discussion in the field of science. Since, gene therapy includes making changes to the body’s basi...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 young children are DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) and MMR (measles, mumps, rubella), etc. Initially, vaccines were developed mostly by attenu...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 3 inserted genes Plasmid Recombinant plasmid (allowed to multiply in E. coli) Plasmid insertion vectors Vaccinia virus Animal cell Recombinant vacc...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 it is easy to digest, requires no cooking, palatable, inexpensive and available throughout the year. Gene from a Vector Leaf segments sprout into E...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 taken up by a few muscle cells, which after protein expression, induce the immune system. DNA vaccines are capable of inducing both humoral and cel...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 labile, the stability of injected mRNA is prevented by modifying it in a variety of ways, e.g., the addition of a 5' cap; the length and structure ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 in vivo with no risk of antigen persistence or integration into the genome. mRNA Vaccine Development against COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic demonst...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 many different types of antibodies specific to different regions of antigen called epitopes present on the surface of antigen and hence, designated...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 few human segments known as chimeric or humanised antibodies possessing higher effectiveness and activity. Antibody forming plasma cells Antigen + ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 and bovine insulin (from cow) are very similar except one or three amino acids. But these minor differences in the chemical structure can lead to a...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 E-galactosidase gene gene 1 Insert genes for each of the two insulin polypeptides next to a highly expressed gene for E-galactosidase. Antibiotic I...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 3 (Tollens’ reagent), a bright silver mirror is produced due to the formation of silver metal. The aldehydes are oxidised to corresponding carboxylat...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 promotes body growth by increasing the amino acids, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism during childhood as well as the adulthood. Fig. 4.1 li Lill...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 template, and a complementary DNA (cDNA) molecule was synthesised. However, the bacterium fails to remove the signal peptide from the intermediate ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 referred to as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). • The process of insertion of a foreign gene (transgene) into the genome of an orga...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 a technique designed to repair faulty genes in humans by introducing correct genetic material inside cells. There are three main approaches for gen...